Himalayan musk deer (Moschus leucogaster) is native to Himalayan range countries, Nepal, India, Bhutan, Pakistan and China. It is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, whose population is in constant decline primarily due to excessive poaching for illegal trade of its lucrative musk pod. Additionally, they are threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation, and predation from wild carnivores and feral dogs. In Nepal musk deer are legally protected under National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act 1973 of the Government of Nepal.
The Upper Karnali Landscape is the largest continuous non-protected area in Nepal, covering an area of about 6000 sq. km. It is remote and rich in biodiversity, providing an important basis for the rural economy. Agriculture is subsistence-based and supported by livestock husbandry since only 1% of the total land is suitable for farming. As a result, local communities are highly dependent on biodiversity for their livelihoods and income generation.
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